Verses 11–13
60. Al-Mumtahana · She that is to be examined
Madinan13 verses
وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌۭ مِّنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَـَٔاتُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَٰجُهُم مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنتُم بِهِۦ مُؤْمِنُونَ
60:11If anything [of the dowries] pertaining to your wives is not reclaimed from the faithless and then you have your turn, then give to those whose wives have left the like of what they have spent, and be wary of Allah in whom you have faith.1
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ إِذَا جَآءَكَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰٓ أَن لَّا يُشْرِكْنَ بِٱللَّهِ شَيْـًۭٔا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَٰدَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَٰنٍۢ يَفْتَرِينَهُۥ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِى مَعْرُوفٍۢ ۙ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَٱسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ ٱللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ
60:12O Prophet! If faithful women come to you, to take the oath of allegiance to you, [pledging] that they shall not ascribe any partners to Allah, that they shall not steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor utter any slander that they may have intentionally fabricated, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their allegiance, and plead for them to Allah for forgiveness. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful234
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا۟ قَوْمًا غَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ ٱلْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَٰبِ ٱلْقُبُورِ
60:13O you who have faith! Do not befriend a people at whom Allah is wrathful: they have despaired of the Hereafter, just as the faithless have despaired of the occupants of the graves.
Tafsir
Commentary on this passage
Verse 12
1.To build a righteous character and a nation, Islam has kept an eye on the weakness of man and has made arrangement to remove that. The Prophet (s.a.) took an oath of allegiance from men with the condition that they will not run away from the battlefield because this danger is present in all people. And he also took an oath of allegiance from women for the following: (i) They will not associate anyone with Allah, because mostly women fall into superstition and go to the extent of polytheism. (ii) She will not steal, because mostly they steal from their husband’s property itself. (iii) She will not do fornication, because they are at a greater risk due to their sentimentality. (iv) She will not kill her children due to the hardship of up-bringing them, or to maintain her beauty, she may tend to kill the child. (v) She will not bring false accusation against her husband by attributing someone else’s child to her husband, because only she is in the position to do this, as seen regularly in the present day liberated society.
Footnotes
Explanations of words and phrases in these verses
- 1
That is the woman comes out from your custody and goes into the infidels.
Benefit
Seven rules regarding women are mentioned in the captioned Verses. The best thing about them is that justice has been ordered for the infidels just as it is for the Muslims as Islam is the religion of justice and not the religion of revenge. Benefit: In place of the belief and Jihad of men the detailed rules of allegiance of women show their high status in Islam.
- 2
They should present allegiance, that is they must be prepared to be observe the rules.
- 3
It is the best comparison for the womb that she must not create any allegation for her womb. That she must attribute the child of a stranger to her husband. Or something like this.
- 4
It should be clear that the word ‘Mubayat’ is used from both sides, the one who gives allegiance and one who takes it. Therefore if this word appears in a tradition it does not prove allegiance. The particular situation has to be understood first.