Verses 4–9
59. Al-Hashr · The Exile
Madinan24 verses
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَآقُّوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ ۖ وَمَن يُشَآقِّ ٱللَّهَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ
59:4That is because they defied Allah and His Apostle; and whoever defies Allah, Allah is indeed severe in retribution.
مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَىٰٓ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ ٱلْفَٰسِقِينَ
59:5Whatever palm trees you cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah’s will and in order that He may disgrace the transgressors.1
وَمَآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنْهُمْ فَمَآ أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍۢ وَلَا رِكَابٍۢ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌۭ
59:6The spoils that Allah gave to His Apostle from them, you did not spur any horse for its sake, nor any riding camel, but Allah makes His apostles prevail over whomever He wishes, and Allah has power over all things.2
مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَىْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةًۢ بَيْنَ ٱلْأَغْنِيَآءِ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمْ عَنْهُ فَٱنتَهُوا۟ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ
59:7The spoils that Allah gave to His Apostle from the people of the townships, are for Allah and the Apostle, the relatives and the orphans, the needy and the traveller, so that they do not circulate among the rich among you. Take whatever the Apostle gives you, and refrain from whatever he forbids you, and be wary of Allah. Indeed Allah is severe in retribution.
لِلْفُقَرَآءِ ٱلْمُهَٰجِرِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا۟ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمْ وَأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًۭا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضْوَٰنًۭا وَيَنصُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ ۚ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّٰدِقُونَ
59:8[They are also] for the poor Emigrants who have been expelled from their homes and [wrested of] their possessions, who seek grace from Allah and [His] pleasure and help Allah and His Apostle. It is they who are the truthful.
وَٱلَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُو ٱلدَّارَ وَٱلْإِيمَٰنَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِى صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةًۭ مِّمَّآ أُوتُوا۟ وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌۭ ۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِۦ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ
59:9[They are as well] for those who were settled in the land and [abided] in faith before them, who love those who migrate toward them, and do not find in their breasts any privation for that which is given to them, but prefer [the Immigrants] to themselves, though poverty be their own lot. And those who are saved from their own greed—it is they who are the felicitous.3
Tafsir
Commentary on this passage
Verse 7
1.No doubt Muslims nave no share in the property acquired in a holy war in which they were not involved and its total discretion is in the hands of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.). It is the personal property of prophet hood and its use is only in his command. Now it is his duty to distribute it among the poor so that wealth does not remain among the rich people only. Also in the whole society peace and contention is created. This is one way to spend this property. It has no connection to collective community property, that Islam may be considered synonymous to socialism. Socialism is a different system and Islam is a different code of life and one cannot be construed to be like the other, and one’s special features cannot be sought in the other.
Verse 8
2.It should be known that this distinction of Muhajireen is on the basis of the services they rendered. Otherwise if the aim is not the pleasure of Allah and Prophet (s,a.) and in battle they did nothing other than running away, then only Hijrat has no value.
Verse 9
3.An important basic law of this life is that if man saves himself from greed, he is saved from all the calamities. In the world from an ordinary cruel person to a colonial power the root cause is this greed only, which also increases with power and wealth and it does not leave man without destroying him. Territorial exploitation, extortion, annexation all are branches of this greed and lust, which comes in different forms from time to time. May Allah protect every believer from this worst kind of evil and give a strong desire for contentment and self-sufficiency.
Footnotes
Explanations of words and phrases in these verses
Benefit
Lenah : An expensive date fruit tree cutting off which is considered a show of ones strength. In the 6th ayat ‘Faiy’ is at the discretion of Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) and its use is mentioned and there is no contradiction in these two. ‘Faiy’ means to turn back. That is this property has come back to its actual owner from the oppressors. This ‘Faiy’ is actually a part of Anfal which is a right of Allah and the Prophet (s.a.).
- 1
The Muslims had cut off some date trees when they attacked. All this was to show off the power of Muslims and to awe the infidels. Otherwise what is there in date trees that the Muslims could be blamed for this destruction and a war could be won by this.
- 2
Booty is the wealth recovered from the enemies in battles and that which comes without fighting is called ‘faiy’. Rakab - Camel used for riding and Rakib is one who rides a camel. The rider of horse is called Faris. Ahle Qura - The areas that came under possession of Islam without fighting. Daulah - That which goes around among a few people.
- 3
These are Ansar who had made Medina their home and they had accepted Islam. They had served the emigrants and also gave preference to them over their own selves. Hajah - Jealousy and anger. Khasaasa - Starvation. Sheh - Excessive greed and miserliness.