Verses 1–30
74. Al-Muddaththir · The Cloaked One
Makkan56 verses
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمُدَّثِّرُ
قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ
74:2Rise up and warn!
وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ
74:3Magnify your Lord,
وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ
وَٱلرُّجْزَ فَٱهْجُرْ
وَلَا تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ
74:6Do not grant a favour seeking a greater gain,
وَلِرَبِّكَ فَٱصْبِرْ
74:7and be patient for the sake of your Lord.
فَإِذَا نُقِرَ فِى ٱلنَّاقُورِ
فَذَٰلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ
74:9that will be a day of hardship,
عَلَى ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ غَيْرُ يَسِيرٍۢ
74:10not at all easy for the faithless.
ذَرْنِى وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيدًۭا
74:11Leave Me [to deal] with him whom I created alone,
وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُۥ مَالًۭا مَّمْدُودًۭا
74:12and furnished him with extensive means,
وَبَنِينَ شُهُودًۭا
74:13[gave him] sons to be at his side,
وَمَهَّدتُّ لَهُۥ تَمْهِيدًۭا
ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ
74:15Still he is eager that I should give him more.
كَلَّآ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ لِءَايَٰتِنَا عَنِيدًۭا
سَأُرْهِقُهُۥ صَعُودًا
إِنَّهُۥ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ
74:18Indeed he reflected and decided.
فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ
74:19Perish he, how he decided!
ثُمَّ قُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ
ثُمَّ نَظَرَ
74:21Then he looked;
ثُمَّ عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ
ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَٱسْتَكْبَرَ
74:23Then he walked away disdainfully,
فَقَالَ إِنْ هَٰذَآ إِلَّا سِحْرٌۭ يُؤْثَرُ
74:24saying, ‘It is nothing but traditional sorcery.
إِنْ هَٰذَآ إِلَّا قَوْلُ ٱلْبَشَرِ
74:25It is nothing but the speech of a human.’
سَأُصْلِيهِ سَقَرَ
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا سَقَرُ
74:27And what will show you what is Saqar?
لَا تُبْقِى وَلَا تَذَرُ
74:28It neither spares, nor leaves [anything].
لَوَّاحَةٌۭ لِّلْبَشَرِ
عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ
74:30There are nineteen [keepers] over it.
Tafsir
Commentary on this passage
Verse 2
1.These are the basics of the teachings of the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.s.) : (1) Warn the people and for this purpose rise up in a systematic manner. It is evident that this is not possible by those clad in royal garments. So that, one with a sheet (chadar) was addressed to. (2) Proclaim only Allah’s greatness, so that all other gods will automatically lose respect in the eyes of the people. (3) The dress should be kept clean, so that enemies do not have any aversion, and it will he easier to clean his soul. (4) Be aloof from idol worship and all other impurities so that the effect of preaching can be more profound. (5) Don’t speak of the favours done on the people so that there may not be a feeling of greatness of self. (6) Be patient for the sake of Allah, because without patience nothing can be done. These teachings are not only for the Prophet (s.a.) but for every preacher and reformer. Here only the Prophet of Islam (s.a.w.s.) is addressed. Otherwise he is not required to be taught such things. It is necessary for those people who want to attend to their duty of preaching and are wil1ing to serve in the way of Al1ah in a memorable or outstanding way.
Verse 18
2.Commentators have stated that this is the life history of Walid bin Mughaira who was favoured with wealth and children, then his mind went out of control, he lost his senses and he started mocking the Prophet (s.a.). He started saying that Quran was magic and started fooling the community. In the beginning he announced deep meditation and after that announced that it is magic, so that people are under the impression that he has come to this decision after deep-thinking (careful consideration), just as in the present time on the government level it is presented in the form of report of the commission set up for certain purpose and simple people get impressed that really this report has been prepared after (total) complete investigation.
Footnotes
Explanations of words and phrases in these verses
- 1
Muddaththir - The dress which touches the body is called Shaar. That which is worn over these clothes is Dathaar.
- 2
Thiyaab - In the view of some it denotes ‘self’.
- 3
Rijs - Idol, dirt and sin etc.
- 4
Nuqera - To call out. Naqoor : It denotes the bugle.
- 5
Tamheed - To make proper, arrange.
- 6
A’need - One who harbours malice and refuses.
- 7
Sa’ood - Severe stage to cross which is impossible.
Benefit
Some people consider Surah Muddaththir to be the first revelation. Although after noting the matter of Surah Iqra we realise that it is the first revelation. And Surah Muddaththir was the first revelation for open; propagation of Islam after three years of secret propagation.
Benefit: The problem was what blame should be laid on the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) that people should become aloof from him? After giving it much thought Walid named his message to be sorcery and said that it were the words of a human being. Although that stupid man should have known that if it were the words of human beings he should have got a reply for that. What was the need of making false allegations. Allegation itself indicates that getting a reply was not possible. And it was named sorcery due to its profound effect.
- 8
Qaddar- That is he has decided whatever he was going to say about the Holy Quran.
- 9
Abasa - Scowl.
- 10
Basara - Frowned.
- 11
Saqara - A portion of Hell.
- 12
Lawahata - That which blackens.
- 13
Basbar - It is the plural of Bashara, that is skin.