Verses 19–27
38. Saad · The letter Saad
Makkan88 verses
وَٱلطَّيْرَ مَحْشُورَةًۭ ۖ كُلٌّۭ لَّهُۥٓ أَوَّابٌۭ
38:19and the birds [as well], mustered [in flocks]; all echoing him [in a chorus].
وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُۥ وَءَاتَيْنَٰهُ ٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ ٱلْخِطَابِ
38:20We consolidated his kingdom and gave him wisdom and conclusive speech.1
۞ وَهَلْ أَتَىٰكَ نَبَؤُا۟ ٱلْخَصْمِ إِذْ تَسَوَّرُوا۟ ٱلْمِحْرَابَ
38:21Has there not come to you the account of the contenders, when they scaled the wall into the sanctuary?2
إِذْ دَخَلُوا۟ عَلَىٰ دَاوُۥدَ فَفَزِعَ مِنْهُمْ ۖ قَالُوا۟ لَا تَخَفْ ۖ خَصْمَانِ بَغَىٰ بَعْضُنَا عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍۢ فَٱحْكُم بَيْنَنَا بِٱلْحَقِّ وَلَا تُشْطِطْ وَٱهْدِنَآ إِلَىٰ سَوَآءِ ٱلصِّرَٰطِ
38:22When they entered into the presence of David, he was alarmed by them. They said, ‘Do not be afraid. [We are only] two contenders: one of us has bullied the other. So judge justly between us, and do not exceed [the bounds of justice], and show us the right path.’
إِنَّ هَٰذَآ أَخِى لَهُۥ تِسْعٌۭ وَتِسْعُونَ نَعْجَةًۭ وَلِىَ نَعْجَةٌۭ وَٰحِدَةٌۭ فَقَالَ أَكْفِلْنِيهَا وَعَزَّنِى فِى ٱلْخِطَابِ
38:23‘This brother of mine has ninety-nine ewes, while I have only a single ewe, and [yet] he says, ‘Commit it to my care,’ and he browbeats me in speech.’
قَالَ لَقَدْ ظَلَمَكَ بِسُؤَالِ نَعْجَتِكَ إِلَىٰ نِعَاجِهِۦ ۖ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًۭا مِّنَ ٱلْخُلَطَآءِ لَيَبْغِى بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَقَلِيلٌۭ مَّا هُمْ ۗ وَظَنَّ دَاوُۥدُ أَنَّمَا فَتَنَّٰهُ فَٱسْتَغْفَرَ رَبَّهُۥ وَخَرَّ رَاكِعًۭا وَأَنَابَ ۩
38:24He said, ‘He has certainly wronged you by asking your ewe in addition to his own ewes, and indeed many partners bully one another, except such as have faith and do righteous deeds, and few are they.’ Then David knew that We had tested him, whereat he pleaded with his Lord for forgiveness, and fell down in prostration and repented.3
فَغَفَرْنَا لَهُۥ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ وَإِنَّ لَهُۥ عِندَنَا لَزُلْفَىٰ وَحُسْنَ مَـَٔابٍۢ
38:25So We forgave him that, and indeed he has [a station of] nearness with Us and a good destination.
يَٰدَاوُۥدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَٰكَ خَلِيفَةًۭ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَٱحْكُم بَيْنَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ ٱلْهَوَىٰ فَيُضِلَّكَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌۭ شَدِيدٌۢ بِمَا نَسُوا۟ يَوْمَ ٱلْحِسَابِ
38:26‘O David! Indeed, We have made you a vicegerent on the earth. So judge between people with justice, and do not follow your desires, or they will lead you astray from the way of Allah. Indeed there is a severe punishment for those who stray from the way of Allah, because of their forgetting the Day of Reckoning.’
وَمَا خَلَقْنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ وَٱلْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا بَٰطِلًۭا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ظَنُّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ۚ فَوَيْلٌۭ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ
38:27We did not create the sky and the earth and whatever is between them in vain. That is a conjecture of the faithless. So woe to the faithless for the Fire!
Tafsir
Commentary on this passage
Verse 21
1.The outline of this incident is that Dawood (a.s.) was occupied in prayer in his private chamber. Then all of a sudden two men entered by climbing over the wall. Dawood (a.s.) became surprised and said: What is this manner of entering? They said: We only want justice. And one of them related his story thus. Dawood (a.s.) said this happens so very often. He said so for his consolation. A rich man always tries to include property of another in his own property. Then it came to his mind that he should take the statement of the other man and thinking so he started seeking pardon from Allah and he fell down in prostration. Allah liked this and announced his kingship in the land. He did not take any unwise steps lest the other party would take an objection and would say this is a wrong statement. Dawood (a.s.) also decided that his statement is right and this method is also not wrong but then also it is against precaution and the method of dispensing justice. That is why Allah said: Judge between them but do not follow the desires otherwise it tends to lead you astray from the right path of Allah.
Footnotes
Explanations of words and phrases in these verses
Benefit
Here the Holy Prophet(s.a.w.s.) is reminded of the ten qualities of Dawood (a.s.): (1) Patience (2) Servitude (3) Strength (4) Seeking help of Allah (5) Splitting of the mountain (6) Praise of the mountains (7) Collecting of the birds (8) Establishment of rule (9) Wisdom and (10) Judgement
- 1
Wisdom and strength is the name of knowledge and action. It is this in which steadfastness is found. Faslul Khitab - To remember everything and to explain it in the best way which includes correct judgement.
- 2
Khasam - Whoever claims right from someone. This word is used in the same way for singular, dual and plural and also for masculine and feminine.
- 3
Generally it is applied for partners but it is possible that it denotes the people of power those who claim their rights in the property of the other people.
Benefit
The Old Testament mentions a fabricated tale of Dawood (a.s.) falling in love with the wife of Uriya the Hittite and then getting him killed to marry his widow. It is absolutely absurd and Ali (a.s.) has said that such a killer is liable for double penalty, on the basis of Islam (because he was a Muslim) and on the basis of prophethood (because he was a prophet).