Verses 55–62
18. Al-Kahf · The Cave
Makkan110 verses
وَمَا مَنَعَ ٱلنَّاسَ أَن يُؤْمِنُوٓا۟ إِذْ جَآءَهُمُ ٱلْهُدَىٰ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ رَبَّهُمْ إِلَّآ أَن تَأْتِيَهُمْ سُنَّةُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابُ قُبُلًۭا
18:55Nothing has kept these people from believing and pleading to their Lord for forgiveness when guidance came to them, except [their demand] that the precedent of the ancients come to pass for them, or that the punishment come to them, face to face.1
وَمَا نُرْسِلُ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ ۚ وَيُجَٰدِلُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بِٱلْبَٰطِلِ لِيُدْحِضُوا۟ بِهِ ٱلْحَقَّ ۖ وَٱتَّخَذُوٓا۟ ءَايَٰتِى وَمَآ أُنذِرُوا۟ هُزُوًۭا
18:56We do not send the apostles except as bearers of good news and as warners, but those who are faithless dispute fallaciously to refute thereby the truth, having taken My signs and what they are warned of in derision.2
وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن ذُكِّرَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّهِۦ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا وَنَسِىَ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ ۚ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً أَن يَفْقَهُوهُ وَفِىٓ ءَاذَانِهِمْ وَقْرًۭا ۖ وَإِن تَدْعُهُمْ إِلَى ٱلْهُدَىٰ فَلَن يَهْتَدُوٓا۟ إِذًا أَبَدًۭا
18:57Who is a greater wrongdoer than he who is reminded of the signs of his Lord, whereat he disregards them and forgets what his hands have sent ahead? Indeed We have cast veils on their hearts lest they should understand it, and a deafness into their ears; and if you invite them to guidance they will never [let themselves] be guided.
وَرَبُّكَ ٱلْغَفُورُ ذُو ٱلرَّحْمَةِ ۖ لَوْ يُؤَاخِذُهُم بِمَا كَسَبُوا۟ لَعَجَّلَ لَهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابَ ۚ بَل لَّهُم مَّوْعِدٌۭ لَّن يَجِدُوا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦ مَوْئِلًۭا
18:58Your Lord is the All-forgiving dispenser of mercy. Were He to take them to task because of what they have committed, He would have surely hastened their punishment. But they have a tryst, [when] they will not find a refuge besides Him.
وَتِلْكَ ٱلْقُرَىٰٓ أَهْلَكْنَٰهُمْ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوا۟ وَجَعَلْنَا لِمَهْلِكِهِم مَّوْعِدًۭا
18:59Those are the towns that We destroyed when they were wrongdoers, and We appointed a tryst for their destruction.
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِفَتَىٰهُ لَآ أَبْرَحُ حَتَّىٰٓ أَبْلُغَ مَجْمَعَ ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ أَوْ أَمْضِىَ حُقُبًۭا
18:60When Moses said to his lad, ‘I will go on [journeying] until I have reached the confluence of the two seas, or have spent a long time [travelling].’3
فَلَمَّا بَلَغَا مَجْمَعَ بَيْنِهِمَا نَسِيَا حُوتَهُمَا فَٱتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُۥ فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ سَرَبًۭا
18:61So when they reached the confluence between them, they forgot their fish, which found its way into the sea, sneaking away.4
فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَا قَالَ لِفَتَىٰهُ ءَاتِنَا غَدَآءَنَا لَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِن سَفَرِنَا هَٰذَا نَصَبًۭا
18:62So when they had passed on, he said to his lad, ‘Bring us our meal. We have certainly encountered much fatigue on this journey of ours.’5
Tafsir
Commentary on this passage
Verse 60
1.There are many different points of views among commentators about this event of Moosa (a.s.) - a difference that poses itself is the lineage of Moosa (a.s.). Some Jews opine that he was Moosa (a.s.) Bin Yusha Bin Yusuf (a.s.) Bin Yaqoob (a.s.) whereas Muslims mostly consider him Moosa (a.s.) Bin Imran. The second poser is regarding the identity of a young man who was with Moosa (a.s.). Commonly known by people as Yusha Bin Nun (a.s.) he was the cousin of Moosa (a.s.). The third variation is about the friend of Allah who had gone to visit Him. According to some people, he was Khizr (a.s.) and some say his name was Filyaan Bin Malkaan and his epithet was Khizr (a.s.). He was one whom Allah has granted a long life. Some say he was an Angel. The fourth disagreement is for this famous event when someone asked Moosa (a.s.): Who is the most learned man in the world now? Moosa (a.s.) replied ‘I’. Allah said: Go to the confluence where two streams meet and visit my obedient follower who is more learned than you and remember a person should not imagine himself to be supreme.
Footnotes
Explanations of words and phrases in these verses
Benefit
The infidels did not really await the chastisement but their denial and the character indicated that as if they were awaiting chastisement. There was no other way they could reform. That is the reason, probably that the Prophet (s.a.) is said to be a warner and bringer of good news to indicate that it was not his job to bring chastisement
- 1
The destruction of nations was the previous way of dealing with infidelity. Now these people were also behaving in the same -way; awaiting the same fate. They are not going to accept belief otherwise.
- 2
Istehza (mocking) is not only verbal. It is also by actions as mentioned by Amirul Momineen (a.s.): Anyone who reads the Quran but goes to hell is as if he has taunted the signs of Allah.
- 3
Barah is an incomplete verb - That is, I shall continue to do this work. Majmaul Bahrayn - A confluence of rivers. Commentators have suggested many possibilities but Allah alone knows where this incident occurred. Haqab - Time or era. Some say it is a period of 80 years.
- 4
Sarb -It is an underground path.
- 5
Nasab - Tiredness
Benefit
It should be clear that veils on the hearts and deafness is due to past sins. It is not in any way related to the belief in compulsion.
Benefit: The companion attributed forgetfulness to Shaitan that he prevented taking benefit from the scholars of the time while Moosa (a.s.) had decided to travel this path for ages. It is really the exalted status of knowledge seeking, that one should not mind the difficulties that arise on the way.