Verses 12–18
18. Al-Kahf · The Cave
Makkan110 verses
ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَٰهُمْ لِنَعْلَمَ أَىُّ ٱلْحِزْبَيْنِ أَحْصَىٰ لِمَا لَبِثُوٓا۟ أَمَدًۭا
18:12Then We aroused them that We might know which of the two groups better reckoned the period they had stayed.
نَّحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ نَبَأَهُم بِٱلْحَقِّ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ فِتْيَةٌ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِرَبِّهِمْ وَزِدْنَٰهُمْ هُدًۭى
18:13We relate to you their account in truth. They were indeed youths who had faith in their Lord, and We had enhanced them in guidance,
وَرَبَطْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ إِذْ قَامُوا۟ فَقَالُوا۟ رَبُّنَا رَبُّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ لَن نَّدْعُوَا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ إِلَٰهًۭا ۖ لَّقَدْ قُلْنَآ إِذًۭا شَطَطًا
18:14and fortified their hearts, when they stood up and said, ‘Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. We will never invoke any god besides Him, for then we shall certainly have said an atrocious lie.1
هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ قَوْمُنَا ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ ءَالِهَةًۭ ۖ لَّوْلَا يَأْتُونَ عَلَيْهِم بِسُلْطَٰنٍۭ بَيِّنٍۢ ۖ فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ ٱفْتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًۭا
18:15These—our people—have taken gods besides Him. Why do they not bring any clear authority touching them? So who is a greater wrongdoer than he who fabricates a lie against Allah?
وَإِذِ ٱعْتَزَلْتُمُوهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَ فَأْوُۥٓا۟ إِلَى ٱلْكَهْفِ يَنشُرْ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُم مِّن رَّحْمَتِهِۦ وَيُهَيِّئْ لَكُم مِّنْ أَمْرِكُم مِّرْفَقًۭا
18:16When you have dissociated yourselves from them and from what they worship except Allah, then take refuge in the Cave. Your Lord will unfold His mercy for you, and He will help you on to ease in your affair.’2
۞ وَتَرَى ٱلشَّمْسَ إِذَا طَلَعَت تَّزَٰوَرُ عَن كَهْفِهِمْ ذَاتَ ٱلْيَمِينِ وَإِذَا غَرَبَت تَّقْرِضُهُمْ ذَاتَ ٱلشِّمَالِ وَهُمْ فِى فَجْوَةٍۢ مِّنْهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ مَن يَهْدِ ٱللَّهُ فَهُوَ ٱلْمُهْتَدِ ۖ وَمَن يُضْلِلْ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُۥ وَلِيًّۭا مُّرْشِدًۭا
18:17You may see the sun, when it rises, slanting toward the right of their cave, and, when it sets, cut across them towards the left, and they are in a cavern within it. That is one of Allah’s signs. Whomever Allah guides is rightly guided, and whomever He leads astray, you will never find for him any guardian or guide.3
وَتَحْسَبُهُمْ أَيْقَاظًۭا وَهُمْ رُقُودٌۭ ۚ وَنُقَلِّبُهُمْ ذَاتَ ٱلْيَمِينِ وَذَاتَ ٱلشِّمَالِ ۖ وَكَلْبُهُم بَٰسِطٌۭ ذِرَاعَيْهِ بِٱلْوَصِيدِ ۚ لَوِ ٱطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَوَلَّيْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِرَارًۭا وَلَمُلِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ رُعْبًۭا
18:18You will suppose them to be awake, although they are asleep. We turn them to the right and to the left, and their dog [lies] stretching its forelegs at the threshold. If you come upon them, you will surely turn to flee from them, and you will surely be filled with a terror of them.4
Tafsir
Commentary on this passage
Verse 16
1.Some people say they were six. The name of their city was Tarsus and Daqyanoos was the King. He was an idol worshipper and invited his people towards idol worship. He punished those who refused.
Verse 17
2.All this is elucidated from this episode and that Allah has countless ways to help and guide His people which others cannot experience and it is clarified also that Allah can make the sun rise and decline for His believers and can bend the rays of the sun and can alter the sun’s trajectory to the west. Nothing is impossible due to His favour; only sincerity is needed in practice.
Footnotes
Explanations of words and phrases in these verses
- 1
Rabeta-e-Qalb - It is absolute serenity and firm resolve. Shatan is a statement that crosses the limit.
- 2
Etezaal- To become aloof. Mirfaq - means for ease and comfort.
- 3
Tazawar - To be deviated and to excuse oneself. As if the sun was appointed to help them. Fajwa - A wide space.
- 4
Iqaaz- It is the plural of Yaqz, meaning ‘awake’, Raqood is the plural of Raqid. That is ‘asleep’. Waseed - perch or passage.
Benefit
The people of the cave had six characteristics : (i) They were turning on their sides during their sleep. (ii) Their dog was also a partner in their condition. (iii) Their sight for awesome and Allah helped them through awe. (iv) The mouth of the cave was absolutely appropriate. (v) There was ample space within the cave. (vi) Their sleep was different from ordinary sleep.
Benefit: Though the people of the cave were in advanced age they are called youths because of their faith. Imam Sadiq (a.s.) says in a tradition that having a firm belief and piety is actual youthfulness. From this same statement we can gauge the greatness and spirituality of Lafata ilia Ali (There is no youth except Ali).