Verses 24–28
4. An-Nisaa · The Women
Madinan176 verses
۞ وَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ ۖ كِتَٰبَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُم مَّا وَرَآءَ ذَٰلِكُمْ أَن تَبْتَغُوا۟ بِأَمْوَٰلِكُم مُّحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَٰفِحِينَ ۚ فَمَا ٱسْتَمْتَعْتُم بِهِۦ مِنْهُنَّ فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةًۭ ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا تَرَٰضَيْتُم بِهِۦ مِنۢ بَعْدِ ٱلْفَرِيضَةِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًۭا
4:24and married women, excepting your slave-women. This is Allah’s ordinance for you. As to others than these, it is lawful for you to seek [temporary union with them] with your wealth, in wedlock, not in license. For the enjoyment you have had from them thereby, give them their dowries, by way of settlement, and there is no sin upon you in what you may agree upon after the settlement. Indeed Allah is all-knowing, all-wise.12
وَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنكُمْ طَوْلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَٰتِكُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِكُم ۚ بَعْضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍۢ ۚ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَٰتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَٰفِحَٰتٍۢ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخْدَانٍۢ ۚ فَإِذَآ أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَٰحِشَةٍۢ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِ مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِىَ ٱلْعَنَتَ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَأَن تَصْبِرُوا۟ خَيْرٌۭ لَّكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ
4:25As for those of you who cannot afford to marry faithful free women, then [let them marry] from what you own, from among your faithful slave-women. Your faith is best known [only] to Allah; you are all [on a] similar [footing]. So marry them with their masters’ permission, and give them their dowries in an honourable manner—[such of them] as are chaste women, not licentious ones or those who take paramours. But should they commit an indecent act on marrying, there shall be for them [only] half the punishment for free women. This is for those of you who fear falling into fornication; but it is better that you be continent, and Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.345
يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ سُنَنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَيَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌۭ
4:26Allah desires to explain [the laws] to you, and to guide you to the customs of those who were before you, and to turn toward you clemently, and Allah is all-knowing, all-wise.
وَٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَن يَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَيُرِيدُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ ٱلشَّهَوَٰتِ أَن تَمِيلُوا۟ مَيْلًا عَظِيمًۭا
4:27Allah desires to turn toward you clemently, but those who pursue their [base] appetites desire that you fall into gross waywardness.
يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُخَفِّفَ عَنكُمْ ۚ وَخُلِقَ ٱلْإِنسَٰنُ ضَعِيفًۭا
4:28Allah desires to lighten your burden, for man was created weak.
Tafsir
Commentary on this passage
Verse 24
1.This verse has pointed out towards Temporary (Muta’) marriage which all Muslims are unanimous, was valid at the time of Prophet (s.a.) and it is mentioned in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. After the death of the Prophet (s.a.) Umar Bin Khattab prohibited this type of marriage and many commentators like Fakhruddin Razi and historians like Tabari have confessed this. Allamah Qoshji, a Sunni scholar has written that Hazrat Umar made three things unlawful: (i) Temporary (Muta’) marriage. (ii) Hajj-e.Tammatto. (iii) Hayya A’laa Khairil A’mal. Fakhruddin Razi and Tabari have quoted the words of Ali (a.s.): If Umar hadn’t made Muta’ unlawful nobody would fornicate except the unfortunates and evil-minded. Some Sunni scholars have tried to cancel this revealed verse by the help of another tradition. Though a verse of Quran cannot be abrogated by a tradition. That this tradition is absolutely forged is proved from the words of Umar that: I make it unlawful. Otherwise what was the need for him to say so? In Temporary (Muta’) marriage, dower, heredity, children, probationary period of four months and ten days etc. are same as in the law of Permanent marriage, only the difference of period is reserved.
Verse 25
2.This inducement is the best method that a believer does not discriminate between slave and maid servants and only look upon his faith and understand that servants are also the children of Adam and Hawwa (a.s.) and they have a right to life. The girls are submitted as slaves by the blunder of their elders. It does not mean that they should be considered lowly. Be it known, the Holy Quran has allowed the marriage of the married slave-girls and after they come in their possession or if a Muslim person buys them; then relationship with their husbands will be terminated and they will be legitimate for Muslims.
Verse 28
3.Islam has settled the laws of marriage and temporary marriage so that a person can satisfy his sexual feelings. This is the best way of limitation and facility; for the Shaitans are always ready to stimulate a man for unlawful acts and a man becomes weak. If the way of righteousness would be closed he will turn to unlawful acts easily. That is why our elders have said: Costly marnage makes the sinful acts cheap.
Footnotes
Explanations of words and phrases in these verses
- 1
Mohsenat = Women who are safe in the fort of Islam, marriage, freedom and chastity. That is Muslim married ladies who are not slaves and are of unblemished chastity.
- 2
It denotes Muta marriage in which the compensation is decided in the beginning.
- 3
‘Tool’ is financial capability required to pay for marrying a free woman. Though Islam has emphasized marriage in all circumstances.
- 4
The Holy Quran had mentioned this risk regarding only slave girls. How in the present age free women have gone ahead of the slave girls. That is, modernity has made free women slave girls!
- 5
Difficult and toil.
Benefit
The term of “famas Tamtatum” is made a condition for payment and this indicates that it does not concern a permanent marriage. It is talking of a marriage where payment is the basic criteria. Also, the emphasis on the payment indicates that it is concerning actual legal Mute. This ayat has been revealed to emphasis the payment of dower and the problem of compensation. In ayat no.25 Ahsan is neither being married nor for being Muslims. It is chastity. The masterly force is not adultery. But they shall be definitely punished if they commit adultery.