Verses 13–18
4. An-Nisaa · The Women
Madinan176 verses
تِلْكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ ۚ وَمَن يُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّٰتٍۢ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْعَظِيمُ
4:13These are Allah’s bounds, and whoever obeys Allah and His Apostle, He shall admit him to gardens with streams running in them, to remain in them [forever]. That is the great success.
وَمَن يَعْصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُۥ يُدْخِلْهُ نَارًا خَٰلِدًۭا فِيهَا وَلَهُۥ عَذَابٌۭ مُّهِينٌۭ
4:14But whoever disobeys Allah and His Apostle and transgresses the bounds set by Allah, He shall make him enter a Fire, to remain in it [forever], and there will be a humiliating punishment for him.1
وَٱلَّٰتِى يَأْتِينَ ٱلْفَٰحِشَةَ مِن نِّسَآئِكُمْ فَٱسْتَشْهِدُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةًۭ مِّنكُمْ ۖ فَإِن شَهِدُوا۟ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْبُيُوتِ حَتَّىٰ يَتَوَفَّىٰهُنَّ ٱلْمَوْتُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًۭا
4:15Should any of your women commit an indecent act, produce against them four witnesses from yourselves, and if they testify, detain them in [their] houses until death finishes them, or Allah decrees a course for them.2
وَٱلَّذَانِ يَأْتِيَٰنِهَا مِنكُمْ فَـَٔاذُوهُمَا ۖ فَإِن تَابَا وَأَصْلَحَا فَأَعْرِضُوا۟ عَنْهُمَآ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ تَوَّابًۭا رَّحِيمًا
4:16Should two among you commit it, chastise them both; but if they repent and reform, let them alone. Indeed Allah is all-clement, all-merciful.3
إِنَّمَا ٱلتَّوْبَةُ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ ٱلسُّوٓءَ بِجَهَٰلَةٍۢ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٍۢ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ يَتُوبُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًۭا
4:17[Acceptance of] repentance by Allah is only for those who commit evil out of ignorance and then repent promptly. It is such whose repentance Allah will accept, and Allah is all-knowing, all-wise.4
وَلَيْسَتِ ٱلتَّوْبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ ٱلْمَوْتُ قَالَ إِنِّى تُبْتُ ٱلْـَٰٔنَ وَلَا ٱلَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ ۚ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًۭا
4:18But [acceptance of] repentance is not for those who go on committing misdeeds: when death approaches any of them, he says, ‘I repent now.’ Nor is it for those who die while they are faithless. For such We have prepared a painful punishment.
Tafsir
Commentary on this passage
Verse 13
1.The Prophet (s.a.) said: Learn the laws of inheritance and teach them to the people. I am going to leave the world very soon and this knowledge will also go away with me and then strife will be created and people will squabble for the share of inheritance and you will not be available to get an arbitrator. So learn these duties, as it is a part of your religion. People have half the knowledge of religious laws and first this would be taken away from my followers. The Prophet’s (s.a.) statement was true. This was the first thing to be taken away from the people. When the daughter of Prophet (s.a.) demanded her inheritance, the self styled leaders of Islam denied it.
Verse 16
2.Every type of extra marital sex is unlawful in Islam. Whether between man and woman, between women or between man and man. The difference is only that the last is considered the worst. In this way on one hand the sperm is wasted and on the other the man’s manliness is changed into a feminine trait and this is a severe offence. So Islam has ordered to slay the culprit or burn him or throw him from a great height, tying his legs and hands because such people do not deserve to live.
Footnotes
Explanations of words and phrases in these verses
- 1
In the beginning of Islam the punishment for adultery was house arrest till death. With this punishment the Islam declared its modification and later abrogated this command and fixed a hundred lashes for unmarried adulterers and stoning to death for married adulterers.
- 2
The masculine form of the word shows that it could mean men as well as women and it could be an act of sodomy between two males.
- 3
It is mentioned in some traditions from the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) that repentance is accepted even when the soul has reached up to the throat, although this tradition is against the apparent meaning of this ayat. The Almighty Allah can forgive even without repentance but the acceptance of the repentance which is mentioned with the word ‘Alaa’ is not the repentance at the death bed.
- 4
This word could also denote the inheritance of a woman. And it could also denote female inheritors. Both of which are haraam to appropriate in Islam.
Benefit
One thing is possible about ayat no. I 5 that the phrase Min Nisaaekum could be indicating the adultery of chaste women. However, this command was temporary till a new rule is prescribed and it is not stoning because the word ‘Lahunne’ is used and it does not stand for punishment. From this aspect the command of the 16th ayat is for non-chaste women and ‘lizzaan’ even though a masculine includes both the genders.