Anwar Al-Quran

Verses 15–22

34. Saba · Sheba

Makkan54 verses

لَقَدْ كَانَ لِسَبَإٍۢ فِى مَسْكَنِهِمْ ءَايَةٌۭ ۖ جَنَّتَانِ عَن يَمِينٍۢ وَشِمَالٍۢ ۖ كُلُوا۟ مِن رِّزْقِ رَبِّكُمْ وَٱشْكُرُوا۟ لَهُۥ ۚ بَلْدَةٌۭ طَيِّبَةٌۭ وَرَبٌّ غَفُورٌۭ

34:15There was certainly a sign for Sheba in their habitation: two gardens, to the right and to the left. ‘Eat of the provision of your Lord and give Him thanks: a good land and an all-forgiving Lord!’1

فَأَعْرَضُوا۟ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَيْلَ ٱلْعَرِمِ وَبَدَّلْنَٰهُم بِجَنَّتَيْهِمْ جَنَّتَيْنِ ذَوَاتَىْ أُكُلٍ خَمْطٍۢ وَأَثْلٍۢ وَشَىْءٍۢ مِّن سِدْرٍۢ قَلِيلٍۢ

34:16But they disregarded [the path of Allah], so We unleashed upon them a violent flood and replaced their two gardens with two gardens bearing bitter fruit, tamarisk, and sparse lote trees.2

ذَٰلِكَ جَزَيْنَٰهُم بِمَا كَفَرُوا۟ ۖ وَهَلْ نُجَٰزِىٓ إِلَّا ٱلْكَفُورَ

34:17We requited them with that for their ingratitude. Do We not requite ingrates?

وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ ٱلْقُرَى ٱلَّتِى بَٰرَكْنَا فِيهَا قُرًۭى ظَٰهِرَةًۭ وَقَدَّرْنَا فِيهَا ٱلسَّيْرَ ۖ سِيرُوا۟ فِيهَا لَيَالِىَ وَأَيَّامًا ءَامِنِينَ

34:18We had placed between them and the towns which We had blessed hamlets prominent [from the main route], and We had ordained the course through them: ‘Travel through them in safety, night and day.’

فَقَالُوا۟ رَبَّنَا بَٰعِدْ بَيْنَ أَسْفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُوٓا۟ أَنفُسَهُمْ فَجَعَلْنَٰهُمْ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَزَّقْنَٰهُمْ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَءَايَٰتٍۢ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٍۢ شَكُورٍۢ

34:19But they said, ‘Our Lord! Make the stages between our journeys far apart,’ and they wronged themselves. So We turned them into folktales and caused them to disintegrate totally. There are indeed signs in that for every patient and grateful [servant].

وَلَقَدْ صَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُۥ فَٱتَّبَعُوهُ إِلَّا فَرِيقًۭا مِّنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ

34:20Certainly Iblis had his conjecture come true about them. So they followed him—all except a part of the faithful.

وَمَا كَانَ لَهُۥ عَلَيْهِم مِّن سُلْطَٰنٍ إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يُؤْمِنُ بِٱلْءَاخِرَةِ مِمَّنْ هُوَ مِنْهَا فِى شَكٍّۢ ۗ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ حَفِيظٌۭ

34:21He had no authority over them, but that We may ascertain those who believe in the Hereafter from those who are in doubt about it, and your Lord is watchful over all things.

قُلِ ٱدْعُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَلَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِيهِمَا مِن شِرْكٍۢ وَمَا لَهُۥ مِنْهُم مِّن ظَهِيرٍۢ

34:22Say, ‘Invoke those whom you claim [to be gods] besides Allah! They do not control [even] an atom’s weight in the heavens or the earth, nor do they have any share in [either of] them, nor is any of them His helper.’

Tafsir

Commentary on this passage

Verse 18

1.What a pleasant life it was! The town with gardens around it and from there, the towns one after another that travellers can travel easily day and night and can halt anywhere. But their misfortune was that they demanded for the towns to be far and wide so that they can enjoy traveling in the desert. And after that they became ungrateful for Allah’s favour. As a result they all were ruined in the flood and their pride involved them in poverty and hunger. No punishment is worse than this.

As mentioned in tradition it is stated that hunger and poverty is a red death. Poverty may be converted in infidelity. Poverty is the cause of disgrace in the world and hereafter. Poverty is the basis of deficiency of religion that a man starts opposing against Allah’s justice. Today the community of Saba is nothing more than a historical parable. This is the lesson for every ungrateful people that they come to their senses otherwise history does not show regard for anyone.

Footnotes

Explanations of words and phrases in these verses

  1. Benefit

    It is said about Seel Arm that rats dug into the dam and when it rained heavily the dam broke and in a matter of moments a full fledged self-sufficient civilization was destroyed. And the Almighty proved that even rats are enough if He wishes to destroy a nation.

  2. 1

    Saba is a tribe of Arabs named after its progenitor.

  3. 2

    Arm - A Dam. Akul - Eatables (fruits). Khamtin - Salvadore persice. Story of this nation in brief is that they were the children of Saba the son of Yashjab son of Yarib son of Qahtam. His names was Abdus Shams and he began to be known by the name of Saba because of his arresting the people. That is, it was the most prosperous tribe. Since their area was susceptible to floods the ruler through the advice of intellectuals had got a dam constructed at a place called Marib. This dam had Sluice gates through which they took the water according to their requirements. Due to the passage of time the dam broke and the inhabitants were destroyed and the community got dispersed to different areas.

  4. Benefit

    Look at the forces of Nature. The termites ate into the staff of Sulaiman (a.s.) and the rats dug into the dam of Saba. Still man is proud of his strength and considers other creatures lowly. Now there is no cure for this madness.